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2-2-motornoe-maslo.html
2.2. Engine oilViscosity and specifications
On manufacturer in the engine fill in special all-weather quality oil which is suitable for operation at any time year, except for especially cold climatic zones.
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Fig. 2–1. Viscosity of engine oils
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In the engine it is possible to add oil of other specification. Degree of viscosity of oil should be chosen according to the data on fig. 2–1. If air temperature only quickly does not keep within the range of values of temperature resulted in drawing, it is not necessary to replace oil.
Petrol engines
And – all-weather oils with the raised antifrictional properties, specification VW 500 00.
In – all-weather oils, specification VW 501 01.
– All-weather oils, specification API–SF or SG.
Diesel engines
And – all-weather oils with the raised antifrictional properties, specification VW 500 00 (for diesel engines with a turbo-supercharging only in a mix with oil of specification VW 505 00).
In – all-weather oils, specification VW 505 00 (for all diesel engines),
– All-weather oils, API–CD specification (for diesel engines with a turbo-supercharging only in a special emergency for доливки).
– All-weather oils, specification VW 501 01 (for diesel engines with a turbo-supercharging only in a mix with oil of specification VW 505 00).
Qualities of engine oils
All-weather oils of specifications VW 501 01 and VW 505 00 are rather inexpensive and possess following qualities:
– Possibility of all-the-year-round use in temperate climate zones;
– Excellent washing properties;
– Good greasing ability at any temperature and engine loadings;
– Stability of initial properties for a long time.
All-weather oils with the improved antifrictional qualities under specification VW 500 00 have, except that, side benefits:
– Use possibility practically at any temperature of external air;
– Small losses of capacity of the engine on a friction;
– Facilitate start-up of the cold engine even at very low temperature.
Preventions
Seasonal oils owing to specific vjazkostno-temperature properties inherent in them usually cannot be used all year long, therefore they should be applied only in corresponding climatic zones.
At use of all-weather oils SAE 5W–30 it is necessary to avoid long work of the engine with high frequency of rotation and constant big loading on the engine. These restrictions do not extend on all-weather oils with the improved antifrictional qualities.
Additives to engine oils
It is not necessary to add the additives reducing losses on a friction in engine oil.
Mixing of oils
This and similar questions interest many motorists. Unfortunately, it is impossible to mix oils, even if it is oils of leading manufacturers (Shell, Mobil, British Petroleum). Each firm makes commodity oils, adding to an oil basis the whole complex of the additives which chemical compound is kept a secret. Therefore at mixing of high-quality oils of the identical appointment made according to requirements of existing systems of classification of engine oils, but on technologies of various firms, mixes of poor quality because of incompatibility of additives can turn out. Oils of different firms are interchangeable, in possibility of use of such oils often specify моторостроители. But it does not mean that they can be mixed. Systems of classification API and АСЕА assume obligatory identical test methods (laboratory, bench – motor etc.) Oils of different firms. At desire (or necessities) автомобилестроительные firms can enter additional tests (or more severe constraints) oils.
The same concerns mixing of mineral or synthetic oils (sometimes even one firm). Synthetic oils, for example hydrocarbonic, one firm it is possible to mix. In this case the firm – the manufacturer of oil makes corresponding recommendations and bears responsibility. Nevertheless cases when at mixing of oils their quality worsens are frequent. As a result of it can begin to knock the engine as the mix of incompatible oils turns to "jelly".
In no event it is impossible to mix import and domestic oils, especially with the additive of domestic additives. Neither the seller, nor the consumer do not know structure of additives which are added in oils. Some oils of "a domestic origin are made by the "firms" which do not have even elementary knowledge on mineral oil. Sometimes such "experts" use the fulfilled oils (even without appropriate regeneration) for manufacture of "commodity". Use only the oils recommended in the operation manual.
No "cleaners" ("Tokron", etc.) are capable to raise octaneое gasoline number. For this purpose use special additives – antidetonators which add in the course of gasoline manufacturing at petrofactories, or additives. The deposit in the combustion chamber can be the detonation reason (metal knock in an engine operating time is audible) and калильного ignitions (the engine continues to work at the switched off ignition).
Compression increase in system at introduction of some additives occurs not for the account вязкостных additives as they do not incorporate them, and for other reasons.
To reduce oil charcoal fumes in the old engine and to raise a compression in cylinders at the expense of use высоковязкостных oils it is inexpedient, as it will really lead to compression increase in cylinders, but for a short while. Further engine repair will cost dearer.
The reason of "acoustic" noise in the old engine is its deterioration, repair with the subsequent use of high-quality oil therefore will more cheaply manage. It is possible to reduce backlashes additives, but it is necessary to understand expediency of it not to do much harm to the engine.
It is necessary to take for a rule: to use high-quality oil of one mark corresponding to the engine and not to mix it with synthetic (or semisynthetic) oil. The engine will thank for it non-failure operation. Do not buy oil from hands as packing is easy for forging.
Replacement of oil and the oil filter
Periodic replacement of oil and the oil filter – the most important preventive procedure of maintenance service. While in service engine oil grows old – becomes liquid and polluted that conducts to premature deterioration of the engine.
Oil replacement it is necessary to spend right after trips on the engine which has not cooled down yet that oil flew down together with pollution is better.
Lift the car on the lift or establish it in horizontal position on a viewing ditch.
Remove the bottom mudguard of the engine.
Petrol engines V6
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Fig. 2–2. An arrangement of the oil filter on petrol engines V6
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Unscrew the oil filter (fig. 2–2). If the filter unscrews hardly, use special key Hazet 2171–1.
Place the container for oil gathering under маслосливным an aperture and unscrew a stopper. If it is necessary, press a stopper when unscrew that oil did not flow down prematurely, and merge engine oil.
When oil completely will flow down, wipe oil round a drain aperture and screw in a stopper plum of oil with a new sealing ring.
Wipe an installation site of the oil filter and screw in the new oil filter.
Fill in in the engine oil of the corresponding mark.
Petrol engines V8
The oil filter is located in the right back part of the engine.
On engines V8-5V there is no stopper oil plum on a cover of the oil filter.
Place the container for oil gathering under a drain aperture and unscrew a stopper. If it is necessary, press a stopper when unscrew that oil did not flow down prematurely, and merge engine oil.
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Fig. 2–3. An arrangement of a bolt (1) fastenings of the oil filter (3) and stoppers (2) drain apertures
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Unscrew a stopper 2 drain apertures on the oil filter (fig. 2–3).
Unscrew a bolt of 1 fastening and uncover and a filtering element of the oil filter.
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Fig. 2–4. Elements of the oil filter of the eight-cylinder petrol engine: 1 – a bolt; 2 – consolidation; 3 – a cover; 4 – a sealing ring; 5 – a filtering element; 6 – a sealing ring; 7 – a stopper of a drain aperture
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Wipe the case and a cover of the oil filter and establish a new filtering element 5 (fig. 2–4) the oil filter.
Grease with fresh engine oil a sealing ring 4, establish a cover 3 with a sealing ring into place and fix a bolt 1 with new consolidation 2, having tightened its moment 25 Нм.
Screw in a stopper 7 with a new sealing ring 6 in a cover of the filter and tighten its moment 50 Нм.
Wipe oil round a drain aperture and screw in a stopper of a drain aperture in the oil pallet, having tightened its moment 35 Нм.
Fill in in the engine oil of the corresponding mark.
On engines V8-5V tighten a bolt of fastening of a cover of the oil filter the moment 25 Нм, and a stopper to the oil pallet the moment 50 Нм.
Diesel engines V6 TDI
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Fig. 2–5. The oil filter of diesel engine V6 TDI: 1 – a cover; 2 – a sealing ring; 3 – a filtering element
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Using накидной wrench SW 32, unscrew a cover of 1 oil filter (fig. 2–5).
Remove a sealing ring 2 and a filtering element 3 oil filters.
Clear the case of the oil filter and establish a new filtering element 3.
Establish on a cover 1 new sealing ring 2 and screw a cover on the case, having tightened its moment 25 Нм.
Place the container for oil plum under a drain aperture and unscrew a stopper, if necessary pressing it when unscrew that oil did not follow prematurely, and merge engine oil.
When oil completely will flow down, wipe oil round a drain aperture and screw in a stopper with a new sealing ring, having tightened its moment 25 Нм.
Fill in in the engine oil of the corresponding mark.
Diesel engines 3.3l V8 TDI
The oil filter is located on the right side of the engine, about the bottom frame.
Place the container for oil plum under a drain aperture of oil and unscrew a stopper. If necessary press a stopper when unscrew that oil did not flow down prematurely, and merge engine oil.
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Fig. 2–6. An arrangement of a stopper (1) drain apertures on a cover (2) oil filters
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Unscrew a stopper 1 (fig. 2–6) a drain aperture from a cover 2 oil filters.
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Fig. 2–7. The oil filter of the diesel engine 3.3l V8 TDI: 1 – a stopper; 2 – a sealing ring; 3 – a cover; 4 – a sealing ring; 5 – a filtering element
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Unscrew a cover 3 oil filters (fig. 2–7).
Remove a sealing ring 4 and a filtering element 5.
Clear the case of the oil filter and establish a new filtering element 5.
Establish on a cover 3 the new sealing ring 4 greased with a thin butter layer, and screw a cover on the case, having tightened its moment 25 Нм.
Screw in a stopper 1 with a new sealing ring 2 and tighten its moment 10 Нм.
Screw up a stopper of a drain aperture with a new sealing ring, having tightened its moment 50 Нм.
Fill in in the engine oil of the corresponding mark.
Engines with турбокомпрессором
After replacement of oil and the oil filter at the first start-up the engine should idle until the control lamp of pressure of oil will go out. If to increase frequency of rotation at a burning lamp, турбокомпрессор can fail.
Check of level of engine oil
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Fig. 2–8. Level of oil and an arrangement of labels on the index (probeе) oil level: a – minimum; b – normal; c – maximum
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Check up engine oil level. If level of oil below norm, add oil in the small portions while level of oil will not reach label MAX (fig. 2–8) on the index (probeе) oil level.
If oil level is at mark MIN, at addition about one litre oil level will rise to the maximum. Close a cover a bulk mouth.
Start up the engine and allow to it to work some minutes. Check up, whether there are no leaks of oil round the filter and a stopper of a drain aperture on the pallet. Keep in mind that the control lamp of pressure of oil can burn some seconds (while oil will not fill all system of greasing).
Stop the engine and wait some minutes that oil has flown down in the pallet. Check up level of oil and add, if it is necessary. Check up reliability of an inhaling of a stopper.
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