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11-2-turbokompressor.html
11.2. Турбокомпрессор
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Fig. 5.3–2. Турбокомпрессор: 1 – a sealing ring; 2 – a pipe of return of oil to the block of cylinders; 3 – a lining; 4 – a sealing ring; 5 – a bolt, 10 Нм; 6 – a hose to the vacuum chamber for the control of increase of pressure; 7 – a bolt, 22 Нм; 8 – a pipe of giving of oil from an arm of the oil filter; 9 – a hollow bolt, 15 Нм; 10 – sealing rings; 11 – a bolt, 10 Нм; 12 – a thermofilter; 13 – турбокомпрессор; 14 – a nut, 22 Nm; 15 – a nut, 22 Нм; 16 knee of a final collector for fastening турбокомпрессора; 17 – a bolt, 25 Нм; 18 – a lining; 19 – a reception exhaust pipe with neutralizer; 20 – a bolt, 22 Нм; 21 – a rack for an intermediate transitive element; 22 – transitive an element; 23 – a bolt, 22 Нм; 24 – a bolt, 10 Нм
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Capacity which can develop the engine, depends on quantity of air and fuel which arrives in engine cylinders. For increase in capacity of the engine it is necessary to increase air and fuel giving. Giving большего quantity of fuel will not give effect until there will be sufficient for combustion a quantity of air. Otherwise surplus of not burnt down fuel that leads to an overheat and raised дымности the engine is formed. For increase in quantity of air submitted to the engine, it is used турбокомпрессор which compresses air arriving in the chamber of combustion (fig. 5.3–2).
Турбокомпрессор consists of a wheel of a centrifugal supercharger and the turbine, connected among themselves the general rigid axis. Both these of an element rotate in one direction with identical speed. Energy of a stream of the fulfilled gases which in usual engines is not used, will be transformed to a twisting moment putting in action турбокомпрессор. Leaving engine cylinders the fulfilled gases have a heat and pressure. They are dispersed to a great speed and co-operate with shovels of the turbine which will transform kinetic energy to mechanical energy of rotation. Energy transformation is accompanied by decrease in temperature and pressure of the fulfilled gases. Турбокомпрессор sucks in air through the air filter, compresses it and submits to engine cylinders. Quantity of fuel which can be mixed with air, it is possible to increase that allows the engine to develop the big capacity.
For greasing турбокомпрессора engine oil moves under pressure on the special pipeline.
As турбокомпрессор works at high speed, it is necessary to be careful and cleanliness: dirt hit in турбокомпрессор can put it out of action.
The prevention
Before a detachment of any elements from турбокомпрессора carefully clear them of a dirt. For protection against pollution removed with турбокомпрессора elements arrange in the tight container, close air channels турбокомпрессора.
Between турбокомпрессором and an inlet collector the intermediate cooler of air which reduces temperature of air submitted to the engine is established. Air cooling increases capacity of the engine as in cold air because of its higher density the oxygen maintenance increases.
Notes
The vacuum tank is located in a forward part of the car under protection of an arch of a wheel.
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Fig. 5.3–1. Elements of a control system of increase of pressure of air arriving in the engine: 1 – to сапуну on the case of the air filter; 2 – a vacuum hose to the vacuum tank or the vacuum pump; 3 – a vacuum hose from the electromagnetic valve of an elevated pressure; 4 – the vacuum amplifier of brakes; 5 – the vacuum tank; 6 – the unilateral valve; 7 – the vacuum pump; 8 – to the switch of the valve of inlet collector N239; 9 – a vacuum hose from valve N18 to the mechanical valve of system рециркуляции the fulfilled gases; 10 – the electromagnetic valve of management of increase of pressure N75; 11 – valve EGR N18
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Pay attention to installation position (the light party / a nayward), shown on fig. 5.3–1.
Removal
Switch off ignition and disconnect a wire of "weight" from the storage battery.
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Fig. 5.3–3. An arrangement of clamps of fastening of the bottom mudguard of a motor compartment
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Release clamps and remove back section of the bottom mudguard of a motor compartment (fig. 5.3–3).
Unscrew a bolt of fastening of a reception exhaust pipe on a transitive element.
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Fig. 5.3–4. An arrangement of screws of fastening of a casing of the engine
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Turn away screws and remove an engine casing (fig. 5.3–4).
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Fig. 5.3–5. An arrangement of bolts of fastening of a thermofilter over турбокомпрессором
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Unscrew bolts and remove a thermofilter over турбокомпрессором (fig. 5.3–5).
Unscrew bolts of fastening of a reception exhaust pipe to турбокомпрессору (fig. 5.3–6).
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Fig. 5.3–6. An arrangement of bolts of fastening of a reception exhaust pipe to турбокомпрессору
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Move a reception exhaust pipe back and downwards.
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Fig. 5.3–7. An arrangement of nuts of fastening of a knee of a final collector to турбокомпрессору
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Unscrew nuts of fastening of a knee of a final collector from турбокомпрессора (fig. 5.3–7).
Loosen the collars also remove an air branch pipe from the air filter.
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Fig. 5.3–8. Fastening of pipes to турбокомпрессору
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Loosen the also remove pipes with турбокомпрессора (fig. 5.3–8).
Disconnect a hose from the vacuum chamber of management of pressure increase.
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Fig. 5.3–9. Removal with турбокомпрессора an air final branch pipe
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Loosen the collars, remove and move aside from турбокомпрессора an air final branch pipe (fig. 5.3–9).
Release clips, remove топливопроводы from an arm маслопровода and move them aside.
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Fig. 5.3–10. Fastening маслопровода to турбокомпрессору (1) and to an inlet collector (2)
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Disconnect маслопровод from турбокомпрессора and an inlet collector (fig. 5.3–10).
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Fig. 5.3–11. An arrangement of bolts of fastening турбокомпрессора to a transitive element
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Unscrew four bolts of fastening турбокомпрессора to a transitive element and remove турбокомпрессор (fig. 5.3–11).
Close pure rags an aperture for oil giving in the block of cylinders of the engine.
Installation
Installation is spent to sequences, return to removal, taking into account the following.
Replace all sealing rings, linings and self-locking nuts.
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Fig. 5.3–12. An arrangement of a sealing ring of a pipe of return of oil from турбокомпрессора
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Check up, that the sealing ring of a pipe of return of oil from турбокомпрессора (fig. 5.3–12) has not been damaged .
Fill турбокомпрессор with oil through an aperture for a tube of giving of oil.
After installation турбокомпрессора start up the engine and allow to work to it idling within 1 minute, it will provide reliable greasing турбокомпрессора.
Check up engine oil level.
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