|
2-5-zamena-svechejj-zazhiganiya.html
2.5. Replacement of spark plugsSpark plugs replace at planned maintenance service.
If off-schedule replacement of spark plugs is necessary, it is necessary to apply only the spark plugs recommended for the given engine.
It will allow to prevent engine failures, decrease in its capacity, deterioration приемистости, increase of the maintenance of harmful substances in the fulfilled gases and creation of hindrances for radio reception. Especially important characteristics of candles are quantity of electrodes, калильное number and on occasion ability not to create hindrances to radio reception.
Normal work of spark plugs – one of the major conditions of effective work of the engine. On the engine it is necessary to establish only the spark plugs recommended by manufacturer. At the serviceable engine cleaning of spark plugs carry out seldom.
Petrol engines V6
Loosen the collars also remove the air branch pipe connecting the air filter and the case of throttle knot.
|
|
Fig. 3.1–41. An arrangement of screws of fastening of a casing of the engine
|
Turn away four screws and remove an engine casing (fig. 3.1–41).
|
|
Fig. 2–10. An arrangement of high-voltage wires on spark plugs of petrol engine V6
|
Remove tips of high-voltage wires from spark plugs (fig. 2–10).
Clear candles a brush, a vacuum cleaner or a stream of compressed air to prevent dirt hit in cylinders of the engine after вывинчивания spark plugs. Unscrew candles a candle key 3122 B.
Screw in new spark plugs and tighten their moment 30 Нм.
Connect to spark plugs high-voltage wires.
Establish a casing of the engine and the air branch pipe connecting the air filter and the case of throttle knot.
Petrol engines V8-2V
Loosen the collars also remove the air branch pipe connecting the air filter and the case of throttle knot.
|
|
Fig. 3.2–3. An arrangement of screws of fastening of a casing of the engine
|
Turn away screws and remove an engine casing (fig. 3.2–3 see).
Release clamps and disconnect electric sockets from ignition coils.
|
|
Fig. 2–11. An arrangement of coils of ignition on spark plugs of petrol engine V8-2V
|
Unscrew bolts of fastening of coils of ignition and remove them (fig. 2–11).
Clear candles a brush, a vacuum cleaner or a stream of compressed air to prevent dirt hit in cylinders of the engine after вывинчивания spark plugs. Unscrew candles a candle key 3122 B.
Screw in new spark plugs and tighten their moment 30 Нм.
Check up and if necessary replace sealing rings, establish coils of ignition and fix their bolts, having tightened their moment 10 Нм.
Connect electric sockets to ignition coils.
Petrol engines V8-5V
Unscrew screws and remove an engine casing (fig. 3.2–3 see).
The left head of the block of cylinders
|
|
Fig. 2–12. An arrangement of electric sockets (1) and bolts (3) fastenings of coils of ignition, and also bolts (2) fastenings of an arm on the left head of the block of cylinders of petrol engine V8-5V
|
Disconnect electric sockets 1 (fig. 2–12) from ignition coils.
Unscrew bolts 2 and remove an arm.
Unscrew bolts of 3 fastenings of coils of ignition and remove coils.
Clear candles a brush, a vacuum cleaner or a stream of compressed air to prevent dirt hit in cylinders of the engine after вывинчивания spark plugs. Unscrew candles a candle key 3122 B.
Screw in new spark plugs and tighten their moment 30 Нм.
Check up and if necessary replace sealing rings, establish coils of ignition and fix their bolts, having tightened their moment 10 Нм.
Establish an arm and connect electric sockets to ignition coils.
The right head of the block of cylinders
|
|
Fig. 2–13. An arrangement of electric sockets (1) and bolts (3) fastenings of coils of ignition, and also bolts (2) fastenings of an arm on the right head of the block of cylinders of petrol engine V8-5V
|
Disconnect electric sockets 1 from ignition coils (fig. 2–13).
Unscrew bolts 2 and remove an arm.
Unscrew bolts of 3 fastenings of coils of ignition and remove coils.
Clear candles a brush, a vacuum cleaner or a stream of compressed air to prevent dirt hit in cylinders of the engine after вывинчивания spark plugs. Unscrew candles a candle key 3122 B.
Screw in new spark plugs and tighten their moment 30 Нм.
Check up and if necessary replace sealing rings, establish coils of ignition and fix their bolts, having tightened their moment 10 Нм.
Establish an arm and connect electric sockets to ignition coils.
Check of spark plugs
On appearance of spark plugs it is possible продиагностировать an engine condition. Pure, white, without a touch the insulator of spark plugs testifies about too poor топливовоздушной mixes. It also specifies that a candle too hot (warmly from the central electrode it is taken away slowly). It is necessary to adjust structure топливовоздушной mixes or to replace a candle.
Adjournment of a dry soot specifies in too rich mix. If the touch black, oily – the engine is worn out, it is necessary for checking up and repairing. If the insulator is covered by light brown touch the mix structure is optimum, and the engine is in a good condition.
Too big or too small interelectrode backlash at which the size of a spark changes, leads to decrease in an overall performance of the engine. The backlash should correspond always to technical requirements and is checked by a wire template or probeом. To modify a backlash it is possible подгибанием a lateral electrode the special tool. The central electrode in no event cannot be bent, as it can lead to breakage of an insulator and a candle exit out of operation.
Before spark plug installation in the engine check up, that the carving was pure and intact.
There are two types of the consolidations established in a head of the cylinder: with a flat saddle and elastic (steel or medno-asbestine) a lining or with a conic saddle without a lining. At installation of a new candle first of all it is necessary to check up, what consolidation is provided in a cylinder head, diameter and length of a carving part. If to establish a candle with a long carving part in a head with a short carving the acting part of a candle will become covered by a deposit and pitches, lead adjournment. The candle will overheat, is possible оплавление carvings. At a reversing of such candle it is possible to damage a carving in a cylinder head. At a short carving part of a candle and long – in a head, the deposit and various adjournment hammer in a carving, occurs it оплавление. After long work it is necessary to pass a tap a carving part in a cylinder head but so that the dirt did not remain in the cylinder.
In the major parametre characterising a candle, the temperature mode of its elements and first of all the central electrode and a surface of a skirt of an insulator is. The basic problem at creation of a candle for высокооборотного the engine is performance of inconsistent requirements. On the one hand, it is necessary to provide enough heat of a skirt of an insulator that at long work on small loadings and single a course to prevent formation on it of a deposit leading to shunting, especially at low temperature. At transition to the big loadings at a heat there is a self-cleaning of an insulator of a candle at the expense of burning out on it of adjournment. On the other hand, at high frequency of rotation and the big loading the temperature of the central electrode and the bottom part of an insulator should not exceed the top limit at which arises калильное ignition (mix ignition even before occurrence of a spark from ignition system). From a cycle to a cycle ignition occurs all earlier and earlier, the temperature of details raises until something will not burn down: at the best a candle, in the worst – the piston. So, because of a small candle there can be big troubles.
How to prevent occurrence possibility калильного ignitions? First of all it is necessary to watch for correct (under the instruction) installation of corners of an advancing of ignition, without supposing too early ignition.
|